Shotokan is separated into three different parts:

• Kihon (basics)
• Kata (forms or patterns of moves)
• Kumite (sparring)

Techniques in kihon and kata are characterized by deep, long stances that provide stability, enable powerful movements, and strengthen the legs. Shotokan is often regarded as a 'hard' and 'external' martial art because it is taught that way to beginners and coloured belts to develop strong basic techniques and stances

Initially strength and power are demonstrated instead of slower, more flowing motions. Those who progress to brown and black belt level develop a much more fluid style which incorporates grappling and some aikido-like techniques, which can be found in the black belt katas.

Kumite techniques mirror these stances and movements at a basic level, but progress to being more flexible with greater experience.